Cameron Meirik
Curriculum Expectations
E1.1 evaluate the importance of various technologies, including Canadian contributions, to our understanding of internal body systems (e.g., endoscopes, NMR imaging for cardiovascular disorders)
E2.1 use appropriate terminology related to animal anatomy
E3.3 explain the anatomy of the circulatory system (e.g., blood components, blood vessels, the heart) and its function in transporting substances that are vital to health
E3.4 describe some disorders related to the circulatory systems (e.g., cardiac arrest, atherosclerosis)
Learning Goals
Students will:
1. Define and identify the various components of the circulatory system (e.g. blood, the heart).
2. Investigate the anatomy of the circulatory system as a nutrient and waste transport system.
3. Identify the direction blood flows to and from the heart.
4. Identify disorders of the circulatory system and technologies used to correct them.
5. Label and colour a diagram of the human heart, indicating the path blood takes throughout it.
E2.1 use appropriate terminology related to animal anatomy
E3.3 explain the anatomy of the circulatory system (e.g., blood components, blood vessels, the heart) and its function in transporting substances that are vital to health
E3.4 describe some disorders related to the circulatory systems (e.g., cardiac arrest, atherosclerosis)
Learning Goals
Students will:
1. Define and identify the various components of the circulatory system (e.g. blood, the heart).
2. Investigate the anatomy of the circulatory system as a nutrient and waste transport system.
3. Identify the direction blood flows to and from the heart.
4. Identify disorders of the circulatory system and technologies used to correct them.
5. Label and colour a diagram of the human heart, indicating the path blood takes throughout it.
Key Ideas
Blood
- Blood is composed of fluid, plasma and blood cells. Red blood cells – carry oxygen through the blood to the body tissue. Heamoglobin is responsible for O2 binding White blood cells – cells of the immune system which circulate the blood stream and aid in infections Platelets – circulate the blood stream, aid in the coagulation (clotting) of blood. Blood Vessels Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Capillaries – smallest and most numerous, allow for exchanges of nutrients, gases and waste Veins – carry blood to the heart Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries -> Venules -> Veins The Heart - Fish have a two chambered heart - Amphibian, reptiles, and mammals have double circulation - Oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood are pumped separately from the right and left sides of the heart |
The Human Heart
- 2 atria – which collect blood from veins
- 2 ventricles – which pump blood away from the heart through arteries
Heart Valves
The heart has 4 valves
Two A-V Valves
- Separate the atrium from the ventricle (keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow to atria)
- Tricuspid valve on the right side
- Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve on the left side
Two Semilunar Valves
- Separate the ventricles from the arteries (Prevent back flow back into the heart)
- Aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta
- Pulmonary Valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Heart Beat
- Lub-dub sound of a heart beat is caused by the recoil of blood against the AV valves (lub) then against the semilunar (dub) valves.
- Backflow of blood through a defective valve causes a heart murmur
- 2 atria – which collect blood from veins
- 2 ventricles – which pump blood away from the heart through arteries
Heart Valves
The heart has 4 valves
Two A-V Valves
- Separate the atrium from the ventricle (keeps the blood flowing in one direction and prevents back flow to atria)
- Tricuspid valve on the right side
- Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve on the left side
Two Semilunar Valves
- Separate the ventricles from the arteries (Prevent back flow back into the heart)
- Aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta
- Pulmonary Valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Heart Beat
- Lub-dub sound of a heart beat is caused by the recoil of blood against the AV valves (lub) then against the semilunar (dub) valves.
- Backflow of blood through a defective valve causes a heart murmur
Cardiac Cycle
Both sides of the heart beat at the same time 1. The atria and ventricles fill with blood, the semilunar valves are closed. 2. Once the ventricles are filled the A-V valves close. - A wave of contraction squeezes the blood into the arteries through the semilunar valves - The Cardiac cycle is the rhythmic contracting and relaxing of the heart - The contraction or pumping phase is called systole - The relaxation or filling phase is called diastole Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis – The thickening and hardening of artery walls by accumulation of fatty deposits. - Causes high blood pressure (hypertension) - Can result in heart attack or stroke Heart attack – blocked coronary artery (artery that supplies the heart muscle) Stroke – rupture or blockage of arteries in the head |
Pulmonary Circuit
- Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart Systemic Circuit - Carries blood from the heart to the body tissues and back to the heart. - The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart and shoots blood out of the heart through the aorta. - The aorta is the largest artery which divides to deliver oxygenated blood to all the body cells Treatment
- called an angioplasty - A technique use to widen a blocked blood vessel with a balloon - Used to treat atherosclerosis - Can also use a wire stent (mesh) to hold the vessel open Aneurysm -A bulge in a weakened area of the wall of an artery - Most common in the Aorta, can also occur at the base of the brain - Treatment: surgery to remove the damaged portion and replacement with a patch or graft made of synthetic material |
ActivitiesHere you will find the lesson material, fill in the blanks notes for the lesson, and activities involved with this unit
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Assessment ToolsHere you will find the unit project, a short ten question quiz and the virtual lab associated with this topic.
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Once in Spongelab, search "Heart" then click "Games and Simulations" then "Build a Body - Circulatory"
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References
Pierce, E. (2006) Diagram of the human heart. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg
Fraser, D., et al. (2002) Biology 11. Toronto: Nelson Thomson Learning. Chapter 7
Fraser, D., et al. (2002) Biology 11. Toronto: Nelson Thomson Learning. Chapter 7
Glossary
Angioplasty - A technique used to widen a blocked blood vessel with a balloon.
Atherosclerosis - A thickening of the artery wall due to fatty acid build-up Leads to blocked or partially blocked arteries.
Artery - A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body.
Capillary - The smallest of the blood vessels. Walls are one cell thick, the site of gas exchange.
Coronary bypass - A healthy artery or vein taken from elsewhere in the body, used to create a new path around a blockage
Electrocardiograph (ECG) - measures electrical impulses controlling heart muscles.
Pacemaker cells - Specialized cells in the right atrium. Generates signals to contract.
Platelets - Circulate the blood stream, aid in the coagulation (clotting) of blood.
Red blood cells - Carry oxygen through the blood to the body tissue. Heamoglobin is responsible for O2 binding.
Stroke - A rupture or blockage of arteries in the head.
Vein - A blood vessel that carries blood from the body to the heart.
White blood cells - A part of the immune system, they fight infections and foreign materials in the blood stream
Atherosclerosis - A thickening of the artery wall due to fatty acid build-up Leads to blocked or partially blocked arteries.
Artery - A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body.
Capillary - The smallest of the blood vessels. Walls are one cell thick, the site of gas exchange.
Coronary bypass - A healthy artery or vein taken from elsewhere in the body, used to create a new path around a blockage
Electrocardiograph (ECG) - measures electrical impulses controlling heart muscles.
Pacemaker cells - Specialized cells in the right atrium. Generates signals to contract.
Platelets - Circulate the blood stream, aid in the coagulation (clotting) of blood.
Red blood cells - Carry oxygen through the blood to the body tissue. Heamoglobin is responsible for O2 binding.
Stroke - A rupture or blockage of arteries in the head.
Vein - A blood vessel that carries blood from the body to the heart.
White blood cells - A part of the immune system, they fight infections and foreign materials in the blood stream